Suicide Terrorism - Free Essay Example

During my research with these four articles, I found that they all ask one important question. My research was about suicide terrorism, and the four articles are going to help explain my point. That one question is: why are suicide bombers considered as heroes and why do they get so much praise for what they do? Throughout the paper, I am going to weave these four articles to help answer the question I find so important throughout each of the the four reading. In the first article written by Mia Bloom, Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Market Share, and Outbidding, she asks one question. Throughout the article, she tries to answer why the opinion of Palestinians support suicide bombers. Bloom talks about how suicide bombings were intermittent and intended to undermine legitimacy of Palestinian authority as well as to negatively affect peace process (Bloom, 66). After the year 2000, the support for suicide bombers jumped tremendously in terms that groups did it to show power. Since Palestinians lives did not change near November 2000, Islamic Jihad as well as Hamas started a new type of violence were they would carry out missions of martyrdom operations to up their profile as well as win external donor support (Bloom, 69). During this time, it was getting major support from the public about martyrdom attacks and continued to increase over the next two years. Basically, this article talks about Palestinian organizations use suici de bombers to gain an edge over government because they were not getting what they wanted. They felt that they were not peaceful negotiations, so they took matters into their own hands and turned it into violence: suicide bombings. But we have yet to answer the question from this article, and according to Bloom she states that people chose to commit these bombings is because of fanaticism and despair (Bloom, 80). As within the other three articles, these bombers tend to be lower class citizens with few opportunities. In Hafezs article, Rationality, Culture, and Structure in the making of Suicide Bombers: A Preliminary Theoretical Synthesis and Illustrative Case Study, he also talks about and tries to understand why suicide bombers blow themselves up and are considered heroes when they do these acts. Throughout Hafezs piece, he gives different examples similar to what the other authors believe make people want to become suicide bombers. He talks about people wanting to do it for personal reasons because they feel as though their life does not start until the after life as well as religious reasons and traditions. He talks about two parts of suicide terrorism, rationalist and culturalist (Hafez, 167). Rationalist terrorism is like thinking rationally, you do things that you believe are the best way to handle certain situations. Culturalist terrorism is like doing things for a purpose and fulfilling what someone believes is the best way to handle certain situations, such as suicide bombings. Also in Hafezs article, he mentions that suicide bombers do this because of personal reasons. He also gives statistics of when suicide bombings became popular as well as how it started and how much it increased in terms of percentage, which is an extremely high number. Him and Bloom are similar when they each state that support for suicide bombings can be because of negotiating processes in terms of Palestinians. In Brym and Arajs article, Palestinian Suicide Bombing Revisited: A critique of the Outbidding Thesis, the authors talk about how social scientists argued that numerous factors motivate the outbreak of waves of Palestinian suicide attacks. This article plants different hypothesis and then gives an extensive amount of information to try and answer that hypothesis. Brym and Araj use Mia Bloom and her arguments for suicide bombers and they really try to disprove her findings. Suicide bombing hit a major uproar in terms of support in late 2000. This was increased due to people not supporting the Fatah as much as they used to be as well as the support for Hamas, which increased compared to the Fatah. Along with the other two articles, this article believes that suicide bombings are due to bad negotiations, for revenge and also to win support. The authors also use other sources throughout the paper to prove their point. I am convinced by the authors arguments because they use outside sourc es to help prove their point throughout the paper, as well as use tables and diagrams showing statistics to also help prove the point they try and get across. In the last article, From Columbine to Palestine: A comparative analysis of rampage shooters in the United States and volunteer suicide bombers in the Middle East by Lankford and Hakim, the article talks about the difference of rampage shooters and suicide bombers. In this article, it talks about how each are viewed in their respective countries as well as some of the similarities between the two. Rampage shooters are termed as troubling people with mental issues but if you look at people in the Middle East and suicide bombers, they get looked at a good people who things for their families sake and because of Religion. All though they get looked at differently, they also are somewhat similar in how they have troubled backgrounds and also troubled childhoods for that matter (Lankford Hakim, 102). As crazy as it seems that one of these groups of people get praised and the other group gets looked at differently, they do share same principles and I think that obviously we are a differen t country than the Middle East but to think that two horrendous acts can be treated as such is somewhat mind-boggling. Personally, I am convinced by the authors argument. I would say that I am convinced because of how the two acts are treated. For example, Suicide bombers in the Middle East are praised and loved for carrying out their role, whereas rampage shooters are looked at as weird and mentally ill people. The different perceptions between the two along with the examples used help ensure my certainty that I am convinced that the authors arguments are correct. Finally, I think that all four articles can tail back to my main point, and that is asking why do suicide bombers get considered as heroes as well as getting praise for what they do. The articles each give an explanation as well as having some of the same thoughts as other articles. Main reasons why suicide bombers get praise is because they do it out of Religion. Not only do they do it out of Religion, but they also want to leave a lasting mark on earth. To Palestinian suicide bombers, living on earth is just simply setting you up for the future. They believe that their life doesnt actually start until after their time on earth. Becoming a suicide bomber is simply a calling for them, and something that they need to do or they will be considered going against God. Along with becoming suicide bomber and being considered a hero, they also get looked at differently compared to what the United States think of rampage shooters. That question is still left up for grabs as why they would be considered different in their terms, but in our terms we believe that they are both wrong and there is no justifying it. Overall, I thought the four articles were very interesting and telling at the same time. Out of the four articles that I have read, I believe that Hafezs article Rationality, Culture, and Structure in the Making of Suicide Bombers best explains the question in common. Hafezs article best represents what these four articles are trying to talk about. He has strong points as well as important statistics to back up what he believes why people want to become suicide bombers. If I had to base it off who did the second best explaining it, I would personally say that Blooms article Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Market Share, and Outbidding would be my second choice in terms of who I thought explained why people chose to become suicide bombers. If there was one that I thought was different and more harder to understand, it would be Brym and Arajs article Palestinian Suicide Bombing Revisited: A critique of the Outbidding Thesis. This was harder to try and pinpoint exactly what the article was trying to do other than find hypothesis ideas from Mia Bloom and then debunk her findings.

Macbeth Essay - 3374 Words

Macbeth is an epic tragedy inspiring pity and remorse because the hero, though flawed, is also shown to be human. The play portrays a journey of self-discovery and awareness as both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth pass from happiness to misery. Their punishment is well deserved but the retributive price is enormous. Evil, both internal and external corrupts their minds, distorting their positive traits and exaggerating their worst. Both fall victim to ‘vaulting ambition’, pride and greed, tempting them to acts of treason and betrayal of friends, kinsman and the nation itself. Warfare on the battlefield mirrors the metaphorical warfare being played out between the forces of good and evil within them. Spurred by ambition, supernatural†¦show more content†¦He hesitates not so much from a troubled conscience or moral scruples but because he knows the King is loved and considered virtuous. Lady Macbeth accuses him of unmanly cowardice which goads him into action. She boldly mocks and ridicules his fears and Macbeth cannot bear to be scorned and baited as a coward by the woman he loves. With frightening speed he becomes a callous murderer, each successive crime bloodier than the one before. All are committed to gain personal security for ‘To be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus.’ In killing his king and kinsman he has released a bestial ferocity latent in his nature which has unhinged his mind, clearly shown in his vision of the dagger and his later distracted manner. Morbid reflections generate an imagined voice crying ‘Sleep no more!’ and images of hands trying to pluck out his eyes. Obsession with power makes him ruthless for he thinks only of his own welfare. No feelings of pity, hesitation or qualms of conscience are shown. Everything must now give way to his interests alone. Macbeth has travelled far from the man he was in Act I. Then, the mere thought of murder, made his heart knock against his ribs and his hair stand on end. 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It is the character’s loyalty and/orRead MoreMacBeth867 Words   |  4 Pagesart, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. Yet for I fear thy nature; It is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way† (Shakespeare 1.5.12-15). Lady Macbeth is the bad influence Macbeth has in his life that persuades him into killing King Duncan and rushes into being King. Before Macbeth became paranoid after the brutal death of King Duncan, he was a worthy captain of the kings army. â€Å"The service and the loya lty I owe in doing it pays itself. Your Highness’ part isRead MoreMacbeth1038 Words   |  5 Pageswith it?  Would you do  right or wrong? To ignore the premonitions  or to go ahead,  knowing that if you do go ahead you would  destroy the natural order? This is what Macbeth had to solve within himself,  his internal conflict. Ladies and Gentlemen, an overriding theme of conflict is established within William Shakespeare’s tragic play â€Å"Macbeth†. Conflict. What is conflict? We simply define conflict as the struggle between opposite forces or different opinions between people. Though it doesn’t always haveRead MoreMacbeth739 Words   |  3 PagesSynopsis Macbeth  is a play about a Scottish nobleman who learns, from a prophecy given to him by three witches, that he is to become king. When Macbeths ambition overcomes his moral judgement, he assassinates the reigning king and fulfils the prophecy. In doing so, however, he undermines his own rule with insecurity - insecurity he created when he upset the natural succession to the throne. Beheaded in battle, Macbeths death allows the rightful heir to reclaim the throne and order is restoredRead MoreMacbeth1388 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth: Character Analysis The Tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about a soldier, Macbeth, and his friend, Banquo, who meet up with three strange witches who share prophecies with the two men. 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Informative Presentation On Health Safety And Environmental

Informative Presentation Outline Template General Purpose: To inform college junior and senior level business graduates on how to make an informed career decision. Specific Purpose: As a result of this presentation, my audience will be introduced to two promising career paths that can yield job security and success. A career in Health Safety and Environmental (HSE) Management and or Entrepreneurship, can be a rewarding career decision. After this presentation students will be able to assess the risk involved in both career path, the incentives of choosing one or the other and qualifications needed to boost success in each field. I. Introduction A. Attention/need step: How hard is it to make a life changing decisions? Those decisions that affects your education, the career paths you choose and whether or not you become successful. Founder of Quintessential Careers and present CEO of EmpoweringSites.com, Doctor Randall S Hansen stated in a recent article, that majority of college students struggle to select a major and stick with it (Hanson, 2016). If you believe this is the hardest decision there is to make about your future, how about the decision you have to make about your career? Is there anyone out there in the audience that can stand and confidently say that they are sure that the career they have chosen will yield precisely what they anticipate? B. Professional greeting: Welcome to the Career in Business Online Showcase sponsored by Florida Atlantic University’sShow MoreRelatedBenefits And Drawbacks Of Nonrenewable Resources2066 Words   |  9 Pageseffect of coal is pollution, especially air pollution. Coal happens to release a lot of carbon dioxide contributing to global warming as well as many environmental concerns, because the bad air can cause mutations and health concerns in the human population. 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Personal Practice in IT-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Does your host Company have in place a formal IT Governance Framework? 2.Describe a situation in your Internship, or previous work, where you have taken account of an Australian Standard in fulfilling your ICT task, and why. 3.Describe a situation in your Internship, or previous work, where you have taken account of compliance (legislation) in fulfilling your ICT task, and why. Answers: 1.IT Governance Framework IT Governance is defined as a framework that allows a particular organization to ensure that the IT infrastructure of the organization is capable to achieve the business goals and strategies. It provides a mechanism to align the IT strategy of the organization with its business strategies. The host company, XYZ Corporations, does have an IT Governance framework in place. ITIL, Information Technology Infrastructure Library, is the framework that is followed in the company. This framework makes sure that the IT services and methods support the core business goals of the company. There are training sessions organized for the employees at regular intervals. However, there are compliance issues that are observed at the lower and middle levels. There are also issues with the decision making activities as the higher authorities are provided with all such abilities (Itinfo, 2017). When compared with the IT Governance framework with other classmates, there were differences in the structure and compliance that were observed. In this first comparison, the IT Governance Framework being followed came out to be COBIT. Risk management and mitigation were the two prime focus areas in this case (Isaca, 2017). In the second comparison, the framework being followed in the company came out to be Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). The basic aim of this framework implemented in the company was to ensure performance improvement at each level. The compliance ratio was found to be highest in the company following COBIT IT Governance framework followed by the host company using ITIL and then came the company making use of CMMI method. 2.Australian Standard in the Fulfilment of the ICT Task Ethics play an extremely important role in all the business tasks and activities. It goes valid for all the ICT tasks as well. IT Ethics and professional code of conduct is required to be followed and reflected in all the IT process being carried out in the organization. In case of XYZ Corporations, there were a number of increased insider threats that were observed. These threats led to the exposure of the confidential information of the organization to the unauthorized entities. In most of such cases, the employees of the organization were held responsible. In order to overcome such issues, it was decided to implement Australian Computer Society (ACS) Code of Conduct in the organization. As per this standard, there are six elements that must be followed by all the employees. These six elements include honest, competence, primacy of public interest, professional development, enhancement of quality of life and professionalism (Acs, 2014). The step was taken to make sure that the frequency of the insider threats was reduced and the employees followed ethical and professional practices in their business activities. There were ethical and professional trainings that were organized to explain the employees about the ACS code of conduct. This initiative was done to achieve higher compliance rates to the ethical and professional practices (Uwa, 2017). There was a review that was carried out after a period of four months and the compliance levels were found to be high. The frequency of the insider threats and other information security attacks also came down as a result. 3.Compliance (Legislation) in the Fulfilment of the ICT Task There were a large number of computer systems, networks and databases that were installed and used in the previous organization, ABC Corporations. The company provided web services and solutions to its clients. With the increase in the use of computing tools and equipment along with enhanced use of web-based applications, there were numerous security risks and attacks that began to take place. Majority of such issues were a result of cybercrimes and cyber-attacks. The business continuity and availability was also getting adversely impacted because of the same. In order to efficiently execute the ICT tasks and activities, it became essential to put a check on such cybercrimes. Cybercrime Convention, 2001, was used for this purpose so that the information could be protected and safeguarded from the cyber criminals (Bcs, 2005). It provided the legal permission to search the computer networks and systems of the third parties as well. The procedure resulted in identification of the primary threat agents and carriers. As a result, the frequency of such attacks could be reduced. The compliance to this act was included in all of the third-party contracts and negotiations thereafter. Due to this step, the third-party providers and suppliers also made sure that they used secure IT practices in all of their IT-related tasks and activities. The properties of the information and data sets that were being used by the organization could be protected and the availability of the business was also ensured. It led to the enhancement of the market reputation along with the customer satisfaction levels as well (Michalsons, 2017). References Acs (2014). ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. [online] Acs.org.au. Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Bcs (2005). Legal Guidelines - IT Law for IT Professionals. [online] Bcs.org. Available at: https://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/compliance_ict.pdf [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Isaca (2017). COBIT 5: A Business Framework for the Governance and Management of Enterprise IT. [online] Isaca.org. Available at: https://www.isaca.org/cobit/pages/default.aspx [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Itinfo (2017). Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Guide. [online] Itinfo.am. Available at: https://www.itinfo.am/eng/information-technology-infrastructure-library-guide/ [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Michalsons (2017). IT Compliance Practical and Effective. [online] Michalsons. Available at: https://www.michalsons.com/focus-areas/information-technology-law/it-law-practical-and-effective-compliance [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Uwa (2017). ACS Code of Ethics. [online] Teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au. Available at: https://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS3200/ethics/acs-ethics.htm [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017].

Sophist`s Philosophers Essays - Philosophy, Ethics,

Sophist`s Philosophers 1.What beliefs did the Sophists challenge? They didn't believe that gods and goddesses influenced behavior or absolute moral and legal standards. But that "man is the measure of all things" and truth is different to each individual. 2.What was Socrates accused of doing? What did he say in defense? He was accused of "corrupting the young" and "not worshipping the gods worshipped by the state". He said " A man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance of living of dying: he ought only to consider whether...he is doing right or wrong." 3.What did Plato say about democracy? Why? He preferred the government of Sparta. He believed that each person should pay service to the community above personal goals. And that when people have too much freedom it causes social disorder. And also people should do what they're best suited to do. 4.What were Aristotle's views on political science? He did not theorize about idealized principals of science but instead he analyzed their political structures. He analyzed everything about them finding out the ups and downs and only then did he make a conclusion. 5.What is natural law? A universal moral law that , like physics, can be understood by applying reason. 6.What were Hobbes views on government? He believed that people should sign a contract that gives up their freedoms and live obediently under a ruler. They would be protected under a Monarch who would protect them by keeping their world peaceful and safe. 7.What were Locke's views on government? He believed that government was based on a contract and that it is necessary to establish order. He also believed that people in a state of nature are reasonable and moral, and that they have the natural rights to life, liberty and property. He also believed that people should have the right to break the contract if they feel that the government is treating them unfairly or that their rights are being violated. 8.What were Montesqueiu's views on government? He had a liking to English government and promoted the idea of separating governmental powers. He believed that power should be equally divided among the branches of government: the legislative branch, which made the laws; the executive branch, which enforced them; and the judicial branch, which interpreted the laws and judged to see if they were violated. He also believed strongly in the rights of individuals, and fought hard to enforce that.

The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom The WritePass Journal

The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom INTRODUCTION The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom INTRODUCTION  1.1 Research Title1.2 Research Question 1.3 Research Objectives1.4 Background and Definition  2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1   History and concept of outsourcing2.2 The reasons behind HSBC outsourcing2.3 The outsourcing strategy of HSBC2.4 The impact of outsourcing on HSBC3. CONCLUSIONREFERENCE LISTBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated INTRODUCTION   1.1 Research Title The impact of outsourcing on HSBC, United Kingdom 1.2 Research Question What is the impact of outsourcing on HSBC bank in the UK? 1.3 Research Objectives The objectives behind reviewing previous literatures and doing this project are: To discuss the concept of outsourcing To identify and understand the outsourcing strategy of HSBC bank, UK To analyse how outsourcing has impacted on the HSBC bank in the UK 1.4 Background and Definition HSBC Holdings is one of the largest banks across the globe.   Pal and Pantaleo (2005) suggest that HSBC Holdings has over 9500 offices scattered in 80 countries. Outsourcing has been defined by many authors.   Laabs, C. (1997) as summarised by Embleton Wright. (1998, p. 94) defines outsourcing as â€Å"†¦ having an outside vendor provide a service that you usually perform ins of IT outsourcing are system analysis, data processing and security management among others.   On the other hand, BPO are back office administration, call centres, document processing and management of other selected processes. Offshore outsourcing is a subcategory of outsourcing where banks outsource services to a third party in another country other than the one in which the bank is based.   This relates to HSBC as it already has a number of processing centres in India and Malaysia according to Pal and Pantaleo (2005).   As discussed by Rohde (2003), it planned to move some business tasks such as data processing and call centre enquiries to India, Malaysia and China by 2006. The next part of the paper draws on the critical literature review which explores the overall concept of outsourcing related to HSBC.   It explores different sub sections which are discussed in detailed.   2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1   History and concept of outsourcing This section provides some historical background of the concept of outsourcing.   According to Jacques (2006), outsourcing also known as offshore outsourcing, started in the 1950s.   At that time, manufactured products rather than services were mostly outsourced.   Jacques further suggests that Nike and Reebok were among the first to subcontract their production of shoes to Taiwanese and Korean suppliers.   However, Busi Mclvor (2008) and Lonsdale Cox (2000) argued that it is very difficult or rather impossible to determine the origin of outsourcing. Jacques (2006), Lonsdale Cox (2000), Jiang Quresh (2005) and Foogooa (2008) all agreed that the concept of outsourcing for services emerged in the 1990s.   Services such as canteen management and security have however been outsourced since the early 1960s or even earlier. The size and array of activities has drastically increased in the last 15–20 years to add in logistics, IT, finance, accounting and personnel.   Many banks and financial institutions have since been moving their payroll, IT systems and customer services offshore. The outsourcing industry is one of the largest industries in the UK.   The country is home to practically one fifth of all outsourcing agreements. Goodman Fox (2008) suggested that outsourcing was originally used during the recession period by firms to cut costs and achieve productivity.   It is now more often considered as a key part of organisational change programme and also a strategic activity. In the public sector, extensive outsourcing which is more generally known as contracting-out began in the 1980s. It first began in the local government and then continued to central government in the 1990s.   The next section will draw on the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing. 2.2 The reasons behind HSBC outsourcing This section will limit it discussion to the various reasons which forced the bank to outsource some work.   As stated by Kripalani (2006), â€Å"HSBC decided to outsource mainly because the need to constantly improve technology was becoming difficult for the bank, drawing attention away from its core financial-services business.†Ã‚   However, Pal Pantaleo (2005) argue that increasing pressure from Citigroup to remain competitive on cost triggered HSBC to outsource. With a revolution in technology, banks should be able to provide fast and efficient technology.   While almost all banking transactions are now done online, HSBC had to move to a new technology platform to remain competitive and become more efficient.   Hence, the UK based bank had to outsource its IT support and software development in India and Malaysia.   Being in the financial services industry, HSBC could not cope with the increasing new technologies adopted by other banks. The other reason behind the decision to outsource was indeed cost saving.   Griffiths (2003) cited that HSBC justified its decision to slash jobs from the UK to Asia in an attempt to cut costs.   HSBC goes on to say that labour costs in India for example is much cheaper than in UK.   The cost to maintain IT and back office work in the UK is quite high.   Labour cost is relatively much higher in the UK than in Asian countries and economies of scale make the cost cheaper in those countries.   Kripalani (2006) contended that the bank wanted to get the job done as fast as possible even if it means putting more workers on the job.   As a result the job is done much quicker as a lower cost.  Ã‚   The HSBC bank also looked to India as the country’s reputation for quality software work was becoming increasingly known. Moreover, access to the huge and potential Asian market is made easier by outsourcing in those countries as the bank gets more familiar to the local laws and regulations. 2.3 The outsourcing strategy of HSBC Lee, Miranda and Kim (2004) divide IT outsourcing strategies into three categories which are degree of integration, allocation of control and performance period.   According to Kripalani (2006), HSBC learned from its outsourcing experience to develop strategies.   The first strategy is to start small.   HSBC started out a centre with only 30 people and many mistakes were made in the beginning.   The bank therefore learned from those mistakes. Furthermore, by starting from scratch, it helped to build a relationship from the start with various departments. The second strategy is customer involvement.   While trying to upgrade its international financial processing system, HSBC found out that it is crucial that experts get involve rather than making a request on paper only.  Ã‚   Thirdly, the use of a hybrid offshoring model is another strategy.   Moreover HSBC bank built a sense of community within the organisation to work towards quality work. Finally HSBC made sure that quality is maintained as it is a key factor to successful business.   HSBC in-house short-term jobs and outsource long-term work.   It can be argued that all those strategies above might not be enough for a successful outsourcing.   How about supervision and control? Another strategy pointed out by Farrell (2009) is that HSBC in the UK split its service into two, with ordinary account holders served by Indian call centres and premier account holder by UK call centres. 2.4 The impact of outsourcing on HSBC HSBC has a wholly owned BPO subsidiary in Kolkata which employs 2000 employees working on back-office operations.   It also has a software development centre in Pune. According to Mann (2005), HSBC â€Å"revealed a 37% rise in pre-tax profit to  £9.2bn ($17.6bn) for 2004 largely on the back of the companys performance outside the UK.†Ã‚   Again quoting Mann (2005) â€Å"expansion for HSBC has not been without its share of problems.† Due to outsourcing to cut down costs, HSBC had to face trade unions who were not happy with the increasing cutting down of jobs in the UK.   Farrell (2009) stated that â€Å"HSBC ran into a row over its latest round of job cuts yesterday when the main trade union representing its staff claimed the banks announcement of 1,200 redundancies was fewer than half the real number.†Ã‚   Mann (2005) makes the point that concerns were raised in the UK about outsourcing banking services such as call centres in India due to quality standard.   Moreover during the Asian crisis HSBC lost quite a lot of money due to outsourcing activities there.   As said by King (2010), IT and outsourcing costs increased in 2009 due to progress in the bank’s standardisation plan. Research by Embleton Wright (1998) suggests that outsourcing brings benefits as well as drawbacks.   They claim that the main advantage is cost saving.   By outsourcing, small companies benefit from economies of scale whereas large companies benefit from the transfer of departments which are not performing well.   They go on to suggest that other benefits are time saving to set up the department, hidden costs which are discovered, activities which are outside the company’s core business are taken care by experts, cash injection by selling assets when an activity is outsourced, greater flexibility in allocating human resources, accountability by the suppliers to provide agreed level of service which may not be controlled if activities are in-house, more free staffs in-house to do other important tasks, access to specialist tools, skills and technology, geographical problems may be reduced and finally outsourcing can improve quality due to the expertise of the provider. On the other hand, they also point out that the drawbacks include unsuccessful attempt to reduce costs, the surrender of control, difficulty and cost involve in bringing back a process in-house, morale of existing staffs may be affected due to cut in staffs, costly contracts and lost in quality. 3. CONCLUSION As in the previous sections, outsourcing has emerged from a practice mostly done to cut costs on a temporary basis to a strategy adopted by many companies around the world.   HSBC bank in the UK outsources mainly to cut costs and remain competitive in the fast moving technology world.   It mostly outsource its IT and back office work such as customer service and data processing. Having outsourced from the beginning, the bank has learned to adopt outsourcing strategies such as starting small, maintaining good relationship and quality.  Ã‚   On balance it can be concluded that outsourcing has had a rather effective impact on HSBC by cutting costs but other risks such as increase in outsourcing costs should be managed. The impact on local employees’ morale has to be considered also.   Moreover according to BBC News (2006), a worker in the data processing department in Bangalore has been taking money from customers’ accounts by hacking the system.   Although the customers’ were reimbursed, it had a huge impact on the security of data held outside the UK.   Nasscom, the trade body for the Indian IT and services sector, commented that they are aware that customers prefer to deal with call centres that are based in the UK rather than outside firstly because of the language difficulties and the opportunity to deal with the local branch. REFERENCE LIST Books Barrar, P. Gervais, R. (2006). Global outsourcing strategies: an international reference on effective outsourcing relationships. Hampshire: Gower Plublishing Limited. HSBC. (2007). HSBCs Guide to Cash and Treasury Management in Asia Pacific 2008. Hong Kong: PPP Company Ltd. Jacques, V. (2006). International outsourcing strategy and competitiveness: Study on Current Outsourcing Trends : IT, Business Processes, Contact Centers Paris: Publibook. Kondabagil, J. (2007). Risk Management in electronic banking: concepts and bestt practices. Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd. Pal, N., Pantaleo, D. C. (2005). The agile enterprise: reinventing your organization for success in an on-demand world. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. Journals/Magazines Busi, M., McIvor, R. (2008). Setting the outsourcing research agenda: the top 10 most urgent outsourcing areas. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal. 1(3) p. 185-197. Embleton, P. R., Wright, P. C. (1998). A practical guide to successful outsourcing. Empowerment in Organization. 6(3) p. 94-106. Foogooa, R. (2008). IS outsourcing – a strategic. Business Process Management Journal. 14(6) p. 858-864. Gibson, V.M. (1996). Outsourcing can save money and efficiency.   Benefits Administration. March. p. 19. Goodman, R, Fox, M. (2008). Outsourced and Business Services A UK Success Story. BSA – The Business Services Association. November p. 6. Lee, J., Miranda, S. M., Kim, Y. (2004). IT Outsourcing Strategies: Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Explanations of Success. Information Systems Research. 15(2) p. 110-131. Lonsdale, C., Cox, A. (2000). The historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad? Industrial Management Data Systems. 100(9) p. 444-450. O’Riordan, A., Sweeney, E. (2007). An investigation into outsourcing practice in Ireland: a new direction in logistics and supply chain management. European Transport\Trasporti Europei. 35. p. 64-80. Rohde, L. (2003). Bank Gets Earful for Exporting IT Jobs. CIO.   1st December. pp. 24-26. Websites BBC News (2006). Man held in HSBC India scamprobe . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5122886.stm [Accessed:   2 May 2011] King, L. (2010). HSBC profits increase, but so do IT and outsourcing costs. [Online]. Available from: cio.co.uk/news/3234073/hsbc-profits-increase-but-so-do-it-and-outsourcing-costs/ [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Kripalani. (2006). HSBCs Lessons in Outsourcing . [Online]. Available from: businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_05/b3969426.htm [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Mann, H. (2005). HSBC banking on global expansion . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4268223.stm [Accessed:   15 March 2011] Farrell, S. (2009). HSBCs 1,200 job cuts spark row with union. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbcs-1200-job-cuts-spark-row-with-union-1654297.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011] Griffiths, K. (2003). HSBC to outsource 4,000 UK bank jobs to Asia. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbc-to-outsource-4000-uk-bank-jobs-to-asia-583652.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011] BIBLIOGRAPHY    Books Jacques, V. (2006). International outsourcing strategy and competitiveness: Study on Current Outsourcing Trends : IT, Business Processes, Contact Centers Paris: Publibook. Pal, N., Pantaleo, D. C. (2005). The agile enterprise: reinventing your organization for success in an on-demand world. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. Journals/Magazines Busi, M., McIvor, R. (2008). Setting the outsourcing research agenda: the top 10 most urgent outsourcing areas. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal. 1(3) p. 185-197. Embleton, P. R., Wright, P. C. (1998). A practical guide to successful outsourcing. Empowerment in Organization. 6(3) p. 94-106. Foogooa, R. (2008). IS outsourcing – a strategic. Business Process Management Journal. 14(6) p. 858-864. Gibson, V.M. (1996). Outsourcing can save money and efficiency. Benefits Administration. March. p. 19. Goodman, R, Fox, M. (2008). Outsourced and Business Services A UK Success Story. BSA – The Business Services Association. November p. 6. Lee, J., Miranda, S. M., Kim, Y. (2004). IT Outsourcing Strategies: Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Explanations of Success. Information Systems Research. 15(2) p. 110-131. Lonsdale, C., Cox, A. (2000). The historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad? Industrial Management Data Systems. 100(9) p. 444-450. Websites BBC News (2006). Man held in HSBC India scamprobe . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5122886.stm [Accessed:   2 May 2011] King, L. (2010). HSBC profits increase, but so do IT and outsourcing costs. [Online]. Available from: cio.co.uk/news/3234073/hsbc-profits-increase-but-so-do-it-and-outsourcing-costs/ [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Kripalani. (2006). HSBCs Lessons in Outsourcing . [Online]. Available from: businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_05/b3969426.htm [Accessed:   10 March 2011] Mann, H. (2005). HSBC banking on global expansion . [Online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4268223.stm [Accessed:   15 March 2011]   Farrell, S. (2009). HSBCs 1,200 job cuts spark row with union. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbcs-1200-job-cuts-spark-row-with-union-1654297.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011] Griffiths, K. (2003). HSBC to outsource 4,000 UK bank jobs to Asia. [Online]. Available from: independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hsbc-to-outsource-4000-uk-bank-jobs-to-asia-583652.html [Accessed:   17 March 2011]

Strengths and weaknesses of English orthography Essay

Strengths and weaknesses of English orthography - Essay Example Finally the experienced reader in English is served well with the language. Homophones: Differentiation between homophones or similar sounding words is achieved successfully by English orthography. For example, the words hour and our though pronounced similarly are distinguished by the usage of h in the first word. This can help to remove any ambiguity when a reader reads the written language. Etymological relationships between words: Usually an abstract underlying representation or morphophonemic form is seen to be represented for English words. For example, dipped, loomed and looted have different pronunciations of the usage of -ed, which is pronounced as (t), (d) and (Id) not represented to the reader. The abstract representation of words is also a relative strength as it indicates the etymological relationship between words. Thus while writing English becomes a little difficult, it makes learning English a relatively easy process (Chomsky 1970:294, Rollins 2004:17). Creativity: The inconsistency in English spelling can also be considered advantageous as it gives way to creativity and allows people to pronounce words in their own personal way. Slogans in creative communications are witness to the fact, which is an activity that can not be taken up for other languages (Venezky, Children of the code interview, undated). Spelling and pronunciation inconsistency: As per Laubach, "English is